305,983 research outputs found

    Simulating the effects of logic faults in implementation-level VITAL-compliant models

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    [EN] Simulation-based fault injection is a well-known technique to assess the dependability of hardware designs specified using hardware description languages (HDL). Although logic faults are usually introduced in models defined at the register transfer level (RTL), most accurate results can be obtained by considering implementation-level ones, which reflect the actual structure and timing of the circuit. These models consist of a list of interconnected technology-specific components (macrocells), provided by vendors and annotated with post-place-and-route delays. Macrocells described in the very high speed integrated circuit HDL (VHDL) should also comply with the VHDL initiative towards application specific integrated circuit libraries (VITAL) standard to be interoperable across standard simulators. However, the rigid architecture imposed by VITAL makes that fault injection procedures applied at RTL cannot be used straightforwardly. This work identifies a set of generic operations on VITAL-compliant macrocells that are later used to define how to accurately simulate the effects of common logic fault models. The generality of this proposal is supported by the definition of a platform-specific fault procedure based on these operations. Three embedded processors, implemented using the Xilinx¿s toolchain and SIMPRIM library of macrocells, are considered as a case study, which exposes the gap existing between the robustness assessment at both RTL and implementation-level.This work has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad of Spain under grant agreement no TIN2016-81075-R, and the "Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo" (PAID) of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Tuzov, I.; De-Andrés-Martínez, D.; Ruiz, JC. (2019). Simulating the effects of logic faults in implementation-level VITAL-compliant models. Computing. 101(2):77-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-018-0651-4S77961012Baraza JC, Gracia J, Blanc S, Gil D, Gil P (2008) Enhancement of fault injection techniques based on the modification of vhdl code. IEEE Tran Very Large Scale Integr Syst 16:693–706Baraza JC, Gracia J, Gil D, Gil P (2002) A prototype of a vhdl-based fault injection tool: description and application. Journal of Systems Architecture 47(10):847–867Benites LAC, Kastensmidt FL (2017) Fault injection methodology for single event effects on clock-gated asics. In: IEEE Latin American test symposium. IEEE, pp 1–4Benso A, Prinetto P (2003) Fault injection techniques and tools for VLSI reliability evaluation. Frontiers in electronic testing. Kluwer Academic Publishers, BerlinCobham Gaisler AB: LEON3 processor product sheet (2016). https://www.gaisler.com/doc/leon3_product_sheet.pdfCohen B (2012) VHDL coding styles and methodologies. Springer, New YorkDas SR, Mukherjee S, Petriu EM, Assaf MH, Sahinoglu M, Jone WB (2006) An improved fault simulation approach based on verilog with application to ISCAS benchmark circuits. In: IEEE instrumentation and measurement technology conference, pp 1902–1907Fernandez V, Sanchez P, Garcia M, Villar E (1994) Fault modeling and injection in VITAL descriptions. In: Third annual Atlantic test workshop, pp o1–o4Gil D, Gracia J, Baraza JC, Gil P (2003) Study, comparison and application of different vhdl-based fault injection techniques for the experimental validation of a fault-tolerant system. J Syst Archit 34(1):41–51Gil P, Arlat J, Madeira H, Crouzet Y, Jarboui T, Kanoun K, Marteau T, Duraes J, Vieira M, Gil D, Baraza JC, Gracia J (2002) Fault representativeness. Technical report, dependability benchmarking projectGuthaus MR, Ringenberg JS, Ernst D, Austin TM, Mudge T, Brown RB (2001) MiBench: a free, commercially representative embedded benchmark suite. In: IEEE 4th annual workshop on workload characterization, pp 3–14IEEE Standard for VITAL ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) (2000) Modeling specification. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, StandardIEEE Standard VHDL Language Reference Manual (2008) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, StandardIEEE Standard for Standard Delay Format (SDF) for the Electronic Design Process. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Standard (2001)Jenn E, Arlat J, Rimen M, Ohlsson J, Karlsson J (1994) Fault injection into VHDL models: the MEFISTO tool. In: International symposium on fault-tolerant computing, pp 66–75Kochte MA, Schaal M, Wunderlich HJ, Zoellin CG (2010) Efficient fault simulation on many-core processors. In: Design automation conference, pp 380–385Mansour W, Velazco R (2013) An automated seu fault-injection method and tool for HDL-based designs. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 60(4):2728–2733Mentor Graphics (2016) Questa SIM command reference manual 10.7b, Document Revision 3.5. https://www.mentor.com/products/fv/modelsim/Munden R (2000) Inverter, STDN library. Free model foundry VHDL model list. https://freemodelfoundry.com/fmf_models/stnd/std04.vhdMunden R (2004) ASIC and FPGA verification: a guide to component modeling. Systems on silicon. Elsevier, AmsterdamNa J, Lee D (2011) Simulated fault injection using simulator modification technique. ETRI J 33(1):50–59Nimara S, Amaricai A, Popa M (2015) Sub-threshold cmos circuits reliability assessment using simulated fault injection based on simulator commands. In: IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics, pp 101–104Oregano Systems GmbH (2013) MC8051 IP Core, user guide (V 1.2) 2013. http://www.oreganosystems.at/download/mc8051_ug.pdfRomani E (1998) Structural PIC165X microcontroller. Hamburg VHDL archive. https://tams-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/vhdlShaw D, Al-Khalili D, Rozon C (2006) Automatic generation of defect injectable VHDL fault models for ASIC standard cell libraries. Integr VLSI J 39(4):382–406Shaw DB, Al-Khalili D (2003) IC bridge fault modeling for IP blocks using neural network-based VHDL saboteurs. IEEE Trans Comput 10:1285–1297Short KL (2008) VHDL for engineers, 1st edn. Pearson, LondonSieh V, Tschache O, Balbach F (1997) Verify: evaluation of reliability using VHDL-models with embedded fault descriptions. In: International symposium on fault-tolerant computing, pp 32–36Singh L, Drucker L (2004) Advanced verification techniques. Frontiers in electronic testing. Springer, New YorkTuzov I, de Andrés D, Ruiz JC (2017) Dependability-aware design space exploration for optimal synthesis parameters tuning. In: IEEE/IFIP international conference on dependable systems and networks, pp 1–12Tuzov I, de Andrés D, Ruiz JC (2017) Robustness assessment via simulation-based fault injection of the implementation level models of the LEON3, MC8051, and PIC microcontrollers in presence of stuck-at, bit-flip, pulse, and delay fault models [Data set], Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.891316Tuzov I, de Andrés D, Ruiz JC (2018) DAVOS: EDA toolkit for dependability assessment, verification, optimization and selection of hardware models. In: IEEE/IFIP international conference on dependable systems and networks, pp 322–329Tuzov I, Ruiz JC, de Andrés D (2017) Accurately simulating the effects of faults in VHDL models described at the implementation-level. In: European dependable computing conference, pp 10–17Wang LT, Chang YW, Cheng KT (2009) Electronic design automation: synthesis, verification, and test. Morgan Kaufmann, BurlingtonXilinx: Synthesis and simulation design guide, UG626 (v14.4) (2012). https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/sw_manuals/xilinx14_7/sim.pd

    Mobility Models for Vehicular Communications

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    The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15497-8_11The experimental evaluation of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) implies elevate economic cost and organizational complexity, especially in presence of solutions that target large-scale deployments. As performance evaluation is however mandatory prior to the actual implementation of VANETs, simulation has established as the de-facto standard for the analysis of dedicated network protocols and architectures. The vehicular environment makes network simulation particularly challenging, as it requires the faithful modelling not only of the network stack, but also of all phenomena linked to road traffic dynamics and radio-frequency signal propagation in highly mobile environments. In this chapter, we will focus on the first aspect, and discuss the representation of mobility in VANET simulations. Specifically, we will present the requirements of a dependable simulation, and introduce models of the road infrastructure, of the driver’s behaviour, and of the traffic dynamics. We will also outline the evolution of simulation tools implementing such models, and provide a hands-on example of reliable vehicular mobility modelling for VANET simulation.Manzoni, P.; Fiore, M.; Uppoor, S.; Martínez Domínguez, FJ.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Cano Escribá, JC. (2015). Mobility Models for Vehicular Communications. En Vehicular ad hoc Networks. Standards, Solutions, and Research. Springer. 309-333. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15497-8_11S309333Bai F, Sadagopan N, Helmy A (2003) The IMPORTANT framework for analyzing the impact of mobility on performance of routing protocols for adhoc networks. Elsevier Ad Hoc Netw1:383–403Baumann R, Legendre F, Sommer P (2008) Generic mobility simulation framework (GMSF). In: ACM mobility modelsBononi L, Di Felice M, D’Angelo G, Bracuto M, Donatiello L (2008) MoVES: A framework for parallel and distributed simulation of wireless vehicular ad hoc networks. Comput Netw 52(1):155–179Cabspotting Project (2006) San Francisco exploratorium’s invisible dynamics initiative. http://cabspotting.org/index.htmlCamp T, Boleng J, Davies V (2002) A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research. Wirel Commun Mobile Comput 2(5):483–502. Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking: Research, Trends and ApplicationsCavin D, Sasson Y, Schiper A (2002) On the accuracy of MANET simulators. In: Proceedings of the second ACM international workshop on principles of mobile computing. ACM, New York, pp 38–43Choffnes D, Bustamante F (2005) An integrated mobility and traffic model for vehicular wireless networks. In: ACM VANETDavies V (2000) Evaluating mobility models within an ad hoc network. Master’s thesis, Colorado School of Mines, Boulder, Etats-UnisEhling M, Bihler W (1996) Zeit im Blickfeld. Ergebnisse einer repräsentativen Zeitbudgeterhebung. In: Blanke K, Ehling M, Schwarz N (eds) Schriftenreihe des Bundesministeriums für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, vol 121. W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, pp 237–274ETH Laboratory for Software Technology (2009) K. Nagel. http://www.lst.inf.ethz.ch/research/ad-hoc/car-traces/Fiore M, Härri J (2008) The networking shape of vehicular mobility. In: ACM MobiHoc, Hong Kong, ChinaFiore M, Haerri J, Filali F, Bonnet C (2007) Vehicular mobility simulation for VANETS. In: Proceedings of the 40th annual simulation symposium (ANSS 2007), Norfolk, VAFleetnet Project - Internet on the Road (2000) NEC Laboratories Europe. http://www.neclab.eu/Projects/fleetnet.htmGawron C (1998) An iterative algorithm to determine the dynamic user equilibrium in a traffic simulation model. Int J Mod Phys C 9(3):393–407Haerri J, Filali F, Bonnet C (2009) Mobility models for vehicular ad hoc networks: a survey and taxonomy. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 11(4):19–41. doi: 10.1109/SURV.2009.090403 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2009.090403Härri J, Fiore M, Filali F, Bonnet C (2011) Vehicular mobility simulation with VanetMobiSim. Simulation 87(4):275–300. doi: 10.1177/0037549709345997 . http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549709345997Hertkorn G, Wagner P (2004) The application of microscopic activity based travel demand modelling in large scale simulations. In: World conference on transport researchHuang E, Hu W, Crowcroft J, Wassell I (2005) Towards commercial mobile ad hoc network applications: a radio dispatch system. In: Sixth ACM international symposium on mobile ad hoc networking and computing (MobiHoc 2005), Urbana-Champaign, ILJaap S, Bechler M, Wolf L (2005) Evaluation of routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks in city traffic scenarios. In: ITSTJardosh A, Belding-Royer E, Almeroth K, Suri S (2003) Towards realistic mobility models for mobile ad hoc networks. In: ACM/IEEE international conference on mobile computing and networking (MobiCom 2003), San Diego, CAKim J, Sridhara V, Bohacek S (2009) Realistic mobility simulation of urban mesh networks. Ad Hoc Netw 7(2):411–430Krajzewicz D (2009) Kombination von taktischen und strategischen Einflüssen in einer mikroskopischen Verkehrsflusssimulation. In: Jürgensohn T, Kolrep H (eds) Fahrermodellierung in Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, pp 104–115Krajzewicz D, Blokpoel RJ, Cartolano F, Cataldi P, Gonzalez A, Lazaro O, Leguay J, Lin L, Maneros J, Rondinone M (2010) iTETRIS - a system for the evaluation of cooperative traffic management solutions. In: Advanced microsystems for automotive applications 2010, VDI-Buch. Springer, Berlin, pp 399–410Krajzewicz D, Erdmann J, Behrisch M, Bieker L (2012) Recent development and applications of SUMO—simulation of urban mobility. Int J Adv Syst Measur 5(3/4):128–138Krauss S (1998) Microscopic modeling of traffic flow: investigation of collision free vehicle dynamics. Ph.D. thesis, Universität zu KölnKrauss S, Wagner P, Gawron C (1997) Metastable states in a microscopic model of traffic flow. Phys Rev E 55(304):55–97Legendre F, Borrel V, Dias de Amorim M, Fdida S (2006) Reconsidering microscopic mobility modeling for self-organizing networks. Network IEEE 20(6):4–12. doi: 10.1109/MNET.2006.273114Mangharam R, Weller D, Rajkumar R, Mudalige P (2006) GrooveNet: a hybrid simulator for vehicle-to-vehicle networks. In: IEEE MobiquitousMartinez FJ, Cano JC, Calafate CT, Manzoni P (2008) Citymob: a mobility model pattern generator for VANETs. In: IEEE vehicular networks and applications workshop (Vehi-Mobi, held with ICC), BeijingMiller J, Horowitz E (2007) FreeSim: a free real-time freeway traffic simulator. In: IEEE ITSCNagel K, Schreckenberg M (1992) A cellular automaton model for freeway traffic. J Phys I 2(12):2221–2229Nagel K, Wolf D, Wagner P, Simon P (1998) Two-lane traffic rules for cellular automata: a systematic approach. Phys Rev E 58:1425–1437NOW - Network on Wheels Project (2008) Hartenstein H, Härri J, Torrent-Moreno M. https://dsn.tm.kit.edu/english/projects_now-project.phpPiorkowski M, Raya M, Lugo A, Papadimitratos P, Grossglauser M, Hubaux JP (2008) TraNS: realistic joint traffic and network simulator for VANETs. ACM Mobile Comput Commun Rev 12(1):31–33Rindsfüser G, Ansorge J, Mühlhans H (2002) Aktivitätenvorhaben. In: Beckmann K (ed) SimVV Mobilität verstehen und lenken—zu einer integrierten quantitativen Gesamtsicht und Mikrosimulation von Verkehr, Ministry of School, Science and Research of Nordrhein-WestfalenSaha A, Johnson D (2004) Modeling mobility for vehicular ad hoc networks. In: ACM VANETSeskar I, Maric S, Holtzman J, Wasserman J (1992) Rate of location area updates in cellular systems. In: IEEE 42nd vehicular technology conference, 1992, vol 2, pp 694–697. doi: 10.1109/VETEC.1992.245478Sommer C, German R, Dressler F (2011) Bidirectionally coupled network and road traffic simulation for improved ivc analysis. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput 10(1):3–15Tian J, Haehner J, Becker C, Stepanov I, Rothermel K (2002) Graph-based mobility model for mobile ad hoc network simulation. In: SCS ANSS, San DiegoTreiber M, Helbing D (2002) Realistische mikrosimulation von strassenverkehr mit einem einfachen modell. In: ASIM, Rostock, AllemagneTreiber M, Hennecke A, Helbing D (2000) Congested traffic states in empirical observations and microscopic simulations. Phys Rev E 62(2):1805–1824UDel Models for Simulation of Urban Mobile Wireless Networks (2009) Stephan Bohacek. http://www.udelmodels.eecis.udel.eduUMass DieselNet Project (2009) UMass diverse outdoor mobile environment (DOME). https://dome.cs.umass.edu/umassdieselnetUppoor S, Trullols-Cruces O, Fiore M, Barcelo-Ordinas JM (2015) Generation and analysis of a large-scale urban vehicular mobility dataset. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput 1:1. PrePrints. doi: 10.1109/TMC.2013.27Varschen C, Wagner P (2006) Mikroskopische Modellierung der Personenverkehrsnachfrage auf Basis von Zeitverwendungstagebuchern. Stadt Region Land 81:63–69Yoon J, Liu M, Noble B (2003) Random waypoint considered harmful. In: Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOMM 2003, San Francisco, CAZheng Q, Hong X, Liu J (2006) An agenda-based mobility model. In: 39th IEEE annual simulation symposium (ANSS-39-2006), Huntsville, A

    Implementation, verification and synthesis of the Gigabit Ethernet 1000BASE-T Physical Coding Sublayer

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    To meet the increasing demand for additional bandwidth requirements, high-speed connections are required to reduce traffic bottlenecks and improve performance on network systems. Gigabit Ethernet offers a cost-effective solution that is compatible with existing technologies to protect large investments in network infrastructure. IEEE standard 802.3ab 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet) physical layer standard offers this solution which upgrades networks to 1000Mbps data rates while maintaining the simplicity and manageability of the existing Ethernet networks, just as 100BASE-T Ethernet extended 10BASE-T Ethernet networks. The 1000BASE-T physical layer standard providing 1Gbps Ethernet signal transmission over four pairs of category 5 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable using the 5-level coding scheme. The Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS) of IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T physical layer was developed and implemented. The behavioral modeling, functional modeling and simulation were done using Verilog HDL[Registered trademark symbol). Then, the PCS was synthesized using two process libraries: 0.35[Mu]m CMOS and 1.4[Mu]m CMOS. Two synthesis techniques, hierarchical optimization and hierarchical-flattening optimization, were explored to compare the area and timing tradeoffs between them. The automation of the synthesis was accomplished with the creation of synthesis script files. With these script files, the PCS can be synthesized automatically with any target library desired

    Computer simulations of VANETs using realistic city topologies

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    Researchers in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) commonly use simulation to test new algorithms and techniques. This is the case because of the high cost and labor involved in deploying and testing vehicles in real outdoor scenarios. However, when determining the factors that should be taken into account in these simulations, some factors such as realistic road topologies and presence of obstacles are rarely addressed. In this paper, we first evaluate the packet error rate (PER) through actual measurements in an outdoor road scenario, and deduce a close model of the PER for VANETs. Secondly, we introduce a topology-based visibility scheme such that road dimension and geometry can be accounted for, in addition to line-of-sight. We then combine these factors to determine when warning messages (i.e., messages that warn drivers of danger and hazards) are successfully received in a VANET. Through extensive simulations using different road topologies, city maps, and visibility schemes, we show these factors can impact warning message dissemination time and packet delivery rate.This work was partially supported by the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain, under Grant TIN2011-27543-C03-01, and by the Diputacion General de Aragon, under Grant "subvenciones destinadas a la formacion y contratacion de personal investigador".Martínez, FJ.; Fogue, M.; Toh, C.; Cano Escribá, JC.; Tavares De Araujo Cesariny Calafate, CM.; Manzoni, P. (2013). Computer simulations of VANETs using realistic city topologies. Wireless Personal Communications. 69(2):639-663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0594-6S639663692Martinez F. J., Toh C.-K., Cano J.-C., Calafate C. T., Manzoni P. (2011) A survey and comparative study of simulators for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Journal 11(7): 813–828Toh C.-K. (2001) Ad hoc mobile wireless networks: Protocols and systems. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJIEEE 802.11 Working Group. (2010). IEEE standard for information technology—telecommunications and information exchange between systems—local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments.Sommer, C., Eckhoff, D., German, R., & Dressler F. (2011). A computationally inexpensive empirical model of IEEE 802.11p radio shadowing in urban environments. In Eighth international conference on wireless on-demand network systems and services (WONS), pp. 84–90.Bohm, A., Lidstrom, K., Jonsson, M., & Larsson, T. (2010). Evaluating CALM M5-based vehicle-to-vehicle communication in various road settings through field trials. In Proceedings of the 35th IEEE conference on local computer networks (LCN’10), Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 613–620.Martinez, F. J., Fogue, M., Coll, M., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2010). Assessing the impact of a realistic radio propagation model on VANET scenarios using real maps. In 9th IEEE international symposium on network computing and applications (NCA), Boston, USA, pp. 132–139.Fall, K., & Varadhan, K. (2000). “ns notes and documents,” The VINT project. UC Berkeley, LBL, USC/ISI, and Xerox PARC, February 2000. Available at http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/ns-documentation.html .Marinoni, S., & Kari, H. H. (2006). Ad hoc routing protocol performance in a realistic environment. In Proceedings of the international conference on networking, international conference on systems and international conference on mobile communications and learning technologies (ICN/ICONS/MCL 2006), Washington, DC, USA.Mahajan, A., Potnis, N., Gopalan, K., & Wang, A. (2007). Modeling VANET deployment in urban settings. In International workshop on modeling analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems (MSWiM 2007), Crete Island, Greece.Suriyapaiboonwattana, K., Pornavalai, C., & Chakraborty, G. (2009). An adaptive alert message dissemination protocol for VANET to improve road safety. In IEEE intlernational conference on fuzzy systems, 2009. FUZZ-IEEE 2009, pp. 1639–1644.Bako, B., Schoch, E., Kargl, F., & Weber, M. (2008). Optimized position based gossiping in VANETs. In Vehicular technology conference, 2008. VTC 2008-Fall. IEEE 68th, pp. 1–5.Martinez, F. J., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2008). Citymob: A mobility model pattern generator for VANETs. In IEEE vehicular networks and applications workshop (Vehi-Mobi, held with ICC), Beijing, China.Torrent-Moreno, M., Santi, P., & Hartenstein, H. (2007). Inter-vehicle communications: Assessing information dissemination under safety constraints. In Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on wireless on demand network systems and services (WONS), Oberguyrgl, Austria.Martinez, F. J., Toh, C.-K., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2009). Realistic radio propagation models (RPMs) for VANET simulations. In IEEE wireless communications and networking conference (WCNC), Budapest, Hungary.Martinez, F. J., Toh, C.-K., Cano, J.-C., Calafate, C. T., & Manzoni, P. (2010). A street broadcast reduction scheme (SBR) to mitigate the broadcast storm problem in VANETs. Wireless personal communications, pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s11277-010-9989-4Ni, S.-Y., Tseng, Y.-C., Chen, Y.-S., & Sheu, J.-P. (1999). The broadcast storm problem in a mobile ad hoc network. In ACM/IEEE international conference on mobile computing and networking (MobiCom 1999), Seattle Washington.Krajzewicz, D., & Rossel, C. (2007). “Simulation of urban mobility (SUMO),” Centre for Applied Informatics (ZAIK) and the Institute of Transport Research at the German Aerospace Centre. Available at http://sumo.sourceforge.net/index.shtml .OpenStreetMap Team. (2009). OpenStreetMap, collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world. Available at http://www.openstreetmap.org .U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). TIGER, topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing. Available at http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger .Krauss S., Wagner P., Gawron C. (1997) Metastable states in a microscopic model of traffic flow. Physical Review E 55(5): 5597–5602Krajzewicz, D., Hertkorn, G., Rossel, C., & Wagner, P. (2002). SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility)—An open-source traffic simulation. In Proceedings of the 4th middle east symposium on simulation and modelling (MESM2002), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, pp. 183–187

    One-Cycle Zero-Integral-Error Current Control for Shunt Active Power Filters

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    [EN] Current control has, for decades, been one of the more challenging research fields in the development of power converters. Simple and robust nonlinear methods like hysteresis or sigma-delta controllers have been commonly used, while sophisticated linear controllers based on classical control theory have been developed for PWM-based converters. The one-cycle current control technique is a nonlinear technique based on cycle-by-cycle calculation of the ON time of the converter switches for the next switching period. This kind of controller requires accurate measurement of voltages and currents in order achieve a precise current tracking. These techniques have been frequently used in the control of power converters generating low-frequency currents, where the reference varies slowly compared with the switching frequency. Its application is not so common in active power filter current controllers due to the fast variation of the references that demands not only accurate measurements but also high-speed computing. This paper proposes a novel one-cycle digital current controller based on the minimization of the integral error of the current. Its application in a three-leg four-wire shunt active power filter is presented, including a stability analysis considering the switching pattern selection. Furthermore, simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed controller.Orts-Grau, S.; Balaguer-Herrero, P.; Alfonso-Gil, JC.; Martínez-Márquez, CI.; Gimeno Sales, FJ.; Segui-Chilet, S. (2020). One-Cycle Zero-Integral-Error Current Control for Shunt Active Power Filters. Electronics. 9(12):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122008S116912Orts-Grau, S., Gimeno-Sales, F. J., Abellan-Garcia, A., Segui-Chilet, S., & Alfonso-Gil, J. C. (2010). Improved Shunt Active Power Compensator for IEEE Standard 1459 Compliance. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 25(4), 2692-2701. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2010.2049033Orts-Grau, S., Gimeno-Sales, F. J., Segui-Chilet, S., Abellan-Garcia, A., Alcaniz-Fillol, M., & Masot-Peris, R. (2009). Selective Compensation in Four-Wire Electric Systems Based on a New Equivalent Conductance Approach. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56(8), 2862-2874. doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2014368Trinh, Q.-N., & Lee, H.-H. (2013). An Advanced Current Control Strategy for Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(12), 5400-5410. doi:10.1109/tie.2012.2229677Bosch, S., Staiger, J., & Steinhart, H. (2018). Predictive Current Control for an Active Power Filter With LCL-Filter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 65(6), 4943-4952. doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2772176Balasubramanian, R., Parkavikathirvelu, K., Sankaran, R., & Amirtharajan, R. (2019). Design, Simulation and Hardware Implementation of Shunt Hybrid Compensator Using Synchronous Rotating Reference Frame (SRRF)-Based Control Technique. Electronics, 8(1), 42. doi:10.3390/electronics8010042Imam, A. A., Sreerama Kumar, R., & Al-Turki, Y. A. (2020). Modeling and Simulation of a PI Controlled Shunt Active Power Filter for Power Quality Enhancement Based on P-Q Theory. Electronics, 9(4), 637. doi:10.3390/electronics9040637Panigrahi, R., Subudhi, B., & Panda, P. C. (2016). A Robust LQG Servo Control Strategy of Shunt-Active Power Filter for Power Quality Enhancement. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 31(4), 2860-2869. doi:10.1109/tpel.2015.2456155Herman, L., Papic, I., & Blazic, B. (2014). A Proportional-Resonant Current Controller for Selective Harmonic Compensation in a Hybrid Active Power Filter. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 29(5), 2055-2065. doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2014.2344770Panigrahi, R., & Subudhi, B. (2017). Performance Enhancement of Shunt Active Power Filter Using a Kalman Filter-Based H{{{\rm H}}_\infty } Control Strategy. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 32(4), 2622-2630. doi:10.1109/tpel.2016.2572142Jiang, W., Ding, X., Ni, Y., Wang, J., Wang, L., & Ma, W. (2018). An Improved Deadbeat Control for a Three-Phase Three-Line Active Power Filter With Current-Tracking Error Compensation. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(3), 2061-2072. doi:10.1109/tpel.2017.2693325Buso, S., Caldognetto, T., & Brandao, D. (2015). Dead-Beat Current Controller for Voltage Source Converters with Improved Large Signal Response. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1-1. doi:10.1109/tia.2015.2488644Tarisciotti, L., Formentini, A., Gaeta, A., Degano, M., Zanchetta, P., Rabbeni, R., & Pucci, M. (2017). Model Predictive Control for Shunt Active Filters With Fixed Switching Frequency. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 53(1), 296-304. doi:10.1109/tia.2016.2606364Kumar, M., & Gupta, R. 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    Densifying the sparse cloud SimSaaS: The need of a synergy among agent-directed simulation, SimSaaS and HLA

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    Modelling & Simulation (M&S) is broadly used in real scenarios where making physical modifications could be highly expensive. With the so-called Simulation Software-as-a-Service (SimSaaS), researchers could take advantage of the huge amount of resource that cloud computing provides. Even so, studying and analysing a problem through simulation may need several simulation tools, hence raising interoperability issues. Having this in mind, IEEE developed a standard for interoperability among simulators named High Level Architecture (HLA). Moreover, the multi-agent system approach has become recognised as a convenient approach for modelling and simulating complex systems. Despite all the recent works and acceptance of these technologies, there is still a great lack of work regarding synergies among them. This paper shows by means of a literature review this lack of work or, in other words, the sparse Cloud SimSaaS. The literature review and the resulting taxonomy are the main contributions of this paper, as they provide a research agenda illustrating future research opportunities and trends

    Effective electrothermal analysis of electronic devices and systems with parameterized macromodeling

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    We propose a parameterized macromodeling methodology to effectively and accurately carry out dynamic electrothermal (ET) simulations of electronic components and systems, while taking into account the influence of key design parameters on the system behavior. In order to improve the accuracy and to reduce the number of computationally expensive thermal simulations needed for the macromodel generation, a decomposition of the frequency-domain data samples of the thermal impedance matrix is proposed. The approach is applied to study the impact of layout variations on the dynamic ET behavior of a state-of-the-art 8-finger AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor grown on a SiC substrate. The simulation results confirm the high accuracy and computational gain obtained using parameterized macromodels instead of a standard method based on iterative complete numerical analysis
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